Air microorganisms in soldier living quarters of an underground tunnel during air-tight survival training:investigation and analysis / 军事医学

Objective To investigate the distribution of air microorganisms in soldies′living quarters of one under-ground tunnel during airtight survival training .Methods Anderson sampling was carried out in Area A and Area B ( living quarters) and Area C (a toilet) at designated time and place.After sampling, the culture and identification of microorgan-isms were finished .Results ①In the living quarters of the whole underground tunnel , the total number of bacteria ranged from 125 to 37 800/m3,but it was 2692, 1844 and 2199/m3, respectively in Area A, B and C.The mean number of bac-teria was 2245/m3 .The number of fungi ranged from 0 to 10 017/m3 .The total number of fungi of Area A , B and C was 1064 , 883 and 1011/m3 .The mean number was 986/m3 .②The number of bacteria in the living areas presented three fea-tures:the total bacteria showed overall three peaksin Area A and B, buttwin peaksin Area C.In Area A and B, the number of bacteria exhibited low colony at first but fluctuated heavily later .In Area C, it decreased gradually to the mini-mum,and the fungi showed a wavy and irregular trend .③The air microbial species included cocci ( Micrococcus, Coriolis of Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermidis and S.equorum) , bacilli ( Acinetobacter baumannii, A.lwoffii and Alcaligenes faeca-lis),and fungi (Mucor and Saccharomyces).Conclusion Although the content of microorganisms was up to the military hygiene standards , it was higher than in the same kind of tunnels .Themulti peakphenomenon of microbial distribution suggests that the change of air microorganisms in tunnels has its own characteristics .Most of the air microorganisms are con-ditioned pathogens that may cause illness if they are not under control .

Application of local flap in emergent reconstruction of the skin and soft tissue defects after facial trauma / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore the procedures of reconstruction emergency for skin and soft tisue defects due to trauma with local flap based on plastic surgical principles and techniques.Methods Thirty-two patients with facial defects caused by tramua were treated.After strict debridement of the wound of the skin and soft tissue,the flaps were designed according to the wound condition with plastic surgical principles.Subcutaneous SMAS pedicle flap,V-Y advancement flap,orbicularis flap,nasolabial groove flaps and others were chosen for wound repair,to suture and close the wound meticu lously.Results All of 32 treated cases,the wounds were primary healing.After 6-18 months follow-up,there was no obvious scar formation or functional problems.Second stage reconstruction was not needed since the cosmetic effect was perfect.Conclusions It is a satisfactory and effective method to emergently treat the skin and soft tissue defects after facial trauma with local flap based on the plastic surgical principles,which is well worth popularizing in clinic.

Effect of gene therapy on the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 during mandible distraction / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the expression patterns of major bone growth factors and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in the distracted calluses following transfected gene during mandibular distraction osteogenesis in a rabbit model.Methods Bilateral mandibular osteotomies were performed in New-Zeland rabbits.After a latency of 3 days,the mandibles were elongated using distractors for 7 days.After the completion of distraction,the rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups.Three animals each were sacrificed at the end of the delay phase,at 7,14,and 28 days after completion of distraction,respectively.The lengthened mandibles were harvested and processed for immunohistochemical detection of BMP2 expression,the mean optic densities and integral optical density of BMP2 positive cells were measured by computerized image analyzer.Results Elevated cellular expression of BMP2,in the distraction gap,was observed following mandibular distraction.BMP2 staining was mainly located in inflammatory cells,and the connective tissues arrounding the new bone.Their strongest expression was the 7th day,some of those growth factors expressed weakly or negatively.Conclusions Electroporation-mediated gene transfection can promote BMP2 expression effectively,which plays an important role in cell differentiation and proliferation during distraction osteo genesis.The BMP2 stimulates extracellular matrix synthesis,induces the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and osteoblasts,which then promotes the new bone formation and repair.